Leaving the ship in Lake Saint-Pierre, he proceeded in a small craft to the Iroquois village, where he arrived on October 2. There were nearly 2, people living there. The island and village were overlooked by a mountain, which he named mount Royal. The rapids north and south of Montreal Island prevented him from continuing his route to the west. Cartier had to return to harbour on the Saint-Charles river, where he found that relations with the Iroquois had become more acrimonious. The threat of an early winter lay before the Frenchmen.
From mid-November, the ships were imprisoned in the ice. December began with an epidemic of scurvy. The Iroquois, the first affected, were slow in delivering up the secret of anedda, a white cedar tea which would save them. Of the Frenchmen afflicted, 25 died. On May 3, Cartier planted a cross on the site where he had just wintered.
The voyage back began three days later, without the Petite Hermine. Following a swerve along the Newfoundland coast, Jacques Cartier discovered the strait which bears the name of the explorer Giovanni Caboto. On July 16, , Cartier was again in Saint-Malo. Authorized to leave by Roberval, who was awaiting the delivery of artillery and merchandise, Jacques Cartier departed from Saint-Malo on May 23, There were people travelling with him. They presented it to Parliament and the House of Lords in England.
The Queen and the British government approved the agreement. Canada's Confederation union was set for July 1, First Nations and Inuit people had already lived on the land for thousands of years. First Nations and Inuit people had treaties agreements between countries with the Crown the Queen. The treaties were not honoured. The new government took control of much of their land to expand the country. Many First Nations were moved onto smaller areas of land called reserves.
The government tried to make the children live like Europeans. Many were taken away from their families to residential schools to be taught the religion and lifestyle of Europeans. A map showing the different colonies when Canada became a country in Natural Resources Canada. Ontario and Quebec were one big colony called the Province of Canada.
British Columbia joined four years later. Britain was also exploring and settling North America during this time period, and had established strong colonies in Boston, Jamestown, and Plymouth. Their claims eventually extended from Massachusetts down to Georgia. Looking to expand, the British set their sights on the territory north of New France.
Headquartered in London, this private corporation became very rich and powerful. During this time, the French and British economies also relied on the fur trade, and the heavy competition eventually led to the Fur Wars, which took place between to Having more land in North America led to more control of the industry, and there was ongoing violence during this time.
The people living here, called Acadians, were deported, and many relocated to Louisiana. The French and Indian War took place from to also called the Seven Years War , from to , with the goal of complete control of North America. At first, aboriginal tribes fought with the French to carry out surprise attacks on English settlements.
Soon enough, the British brought in thousands of troops to fight back. Then in , both armies fought at the decisive Battle of the Plains of Abraham, right outside of Quebec City. It only took half-an-hour, and the British emerged as the victor.
Most of Louisiana and all of New France were given to Britain.
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